Quality analysis of protein raw materials in piglet feed
The previous article introduced the evaluation system of the nutritional value of protein raw materials in detail. Today, I will share the evaluation indicators, testing methods, and testing results of common protein raw materials for health care value!
High health value
Metrics: Anti-nutritional components (antigenic proteins, histamine, malondialdehyde); functional components (small peptides).
Significance of the indicator: Controlling anti-nutritional components to reduce the damage to the intestinal structure of suckling piglets; increasing functional components to promote intestinal development and post-injury repair of suckling piglets.
1 Low Antinutrients
[Measurement indicators]
Antigenic proteins in plant proteins, protein spoilage products and fat oxidation rancidity products in animal proteins.
[Indicator significance]
The lower the anti-nutrient content, the smaller the damage to the intestinal tract of the suckling pig, and the lower the adverse effect on the digestion and absorption capacity.
(1) Vegetable protein
[Detection method]
[Test results 1--Elisa (quantitative)]
[Result analysis]
Analysis of Elisa results: The higher the value, the higher the antigenic protein content, which means the greater the risk of causing animal intestinal damage.
There are obvious differences in the antigen content of different protein raw materials: Soybean meal has the highest content, which can be removed to different degrees by different processes. During the puffing process, high temperature and high pressure and mechanical shearing can remove antigenic proteins, and the removal rate is 50-70%;The antigens in the fermented soybean meal are properly degraded by microbial fermentation enzymes, and the clearance rate is 30-50%; after the soybean protein concentrate is alcohol-washed, the antigens are inactivated, and the clearance rate is over 90%;For soybean enzymolyzed protein, macromolecular proteins with complex spatial structure are degraded into small molecular peptides by a specific enzymatic hydrolysis process, and the clearance rate is over 95%.
Analysis of the results of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis: the map shows characteristic bands of soybean antigen protein,if there is, it means that the antigenic protein is present, if not, it means that the antigenic protein is cleared.
The bands of different protein raw materials are obviously different: soybean meal, SPC, and fermented soybean meal have clear antigen protein bands, and soybean proteins treated by different enzymatic hydrolysis processes have different degrees of antigen clearance.
(2)Animal protein
[Detection method]
[Test results]
A.Reference standard for the use level of fish meal for piglets (GB/T 19164-2021 national standard for fish meal)
B. The actual measurement results of fish meal commonly used in piglet feed
[Result analysis]
The latest national standard analysis of fish meal: In addition to paying attention to conventional nutritional indicators, it also focuses on the content of histamine and malondialdehyde. The higher these indicators, the poorer the freshness of the fishmeal, which can adversely affect animal health.
The quality status of common high-quality fish meal: Peruvian fish meal histamine unqualified rate is as high as 53%. The proportion of glycine in domestic fish meal (Shandong and Dalian) was 11% unqualified, indicating that the raw material may be fish waste or mixed with other protein sources; the unqualified rate of histamine was as high as 76%, and the content of cadaverine and putrescine was high.
2 High functional ingredients
[Evaluation content]
The functional components in protein raw materials are mainly small molecular peptides
[Indicator significance]
The higher the content of small molecule peptides, the more able to promote intestinal development, reduce intestinal permeability, promote intestinal repair after injury, maintain intestinal health, and improve animal digestion and absorption capacity
[Detection Indicator]
[Test results]
[Result analysis]
ABTS antioxidant capacity: The total antioxidant capacity of the sample is determined, which is positively correlated with the biological activity in the body; the higher the value, the stronger the antioxidant capacity. Studies have found that 2-6 peptides below 150-1000Da have strong antioxidant capacity.
Different protein raw materials have obvious differences in antioxidant capacity: Deep enzymatic hydrolysis obtains high content of 150-1000Da peptide, which has strong antioxidant capacity; fermented soybean meal has low antioxidant capacity; common soybean raw materials and fish meal do not have antioxidant capacity.
[Summary]
The high health value of protein raw materials refers to low anti-nutritional factors and rich functional ingredients. The evaluation indicators and testing methods are shown in the following table:
The third issue of "Analysis of raw material " will reveal the structural characteristics of protein raw materials and their effects on digestibility. Please pay attention!
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