Rumen fermentation determine the production performance of dairy cattle.
"Cow raising is rumen feeding".
The rumen of the cow provides 60% of metabolic protein (MCP) and 80% of energy (VFA) for the cow. The rumen fermentation function determines the performance of the cow.
While rumen fermentation function depends on rumen microorganisms:
A. When increasing microbial proliferation and enlargement, MCP production will increase;
B. When microbial enzyme activity increase, VFA production will increase.
Nitrogen is the basic element for the growth of rumen microorganisms and enzyme synthesis. A suitable nitrogen source is very important for rumen microorganisms!
Enhance the rumen fermentation, PEPTIDES are essential
The necessity of supplementing nitrogen that can be directly used by rumen microorganisms
The nutrients inside cells could only be used when breaking the cell walls (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) after intake of cows. Thus, the provision of directly-use nitrogen is necessary in a certain period right after intake when the nitrogen source is relatively in shortage.
Peptides are high efficiency nitrogen source that can be directly used by rumen microorganisms
There are a large number of peptide transporters on microbial cell membranes, including oligopeptide transporter (Opp) (transport peptides composed of 2-10 amino acids), di-tripeptide transporter (Dtp) (transport peptides composed of 2-3 amino acids) and Dipeptide transporter (Dpp) (transport dipeptide) . They can efficiently transport peptides into cells and synthesize required enzymes and proteins (Savijoki, 2006). Although ammonia can also be quickly absorbed by rumen microorganisms and converted into proteins and functional enzymes, it has a long path and high energy consumption (Bergen, 1977).
Peptide promote efficiently rumen fermentation
Peptides promote rumen microbial proliferation
Soto et al. (1994) isolated and purified the rumen microorganisms of dairy cows, and cultivated them with soybean meal, hydrolyzed amino acids of soybean meal, and soybean meal hydrolyzed peptides (same amino acid composition) as nitrogen sources. It was found that peptides can promote the growth of rumen microorganisms compared to amino acids and whole proteins.
Soto et al. (1994)
Wang wenjuan et,.al (2011) used soybean meal and soybean meal hydrolyzed peptides as nitrogen sources for in vitro fermentation experiments, and found that peptides can promote rumen microorganisms to multiply faster.
Peptides are essential ingredients to ensure the rumen fermentation function of dairy cows immediately and efficiently after feeding (Fu,2001).
Peptides provide microbial protein
The amino acid composition of MCP protein is similar to that of milk, and it is an efficient and high-quality nitrogen source for dairy cows. MCP production not only affects milk production, but also closely related to milk protein production. Elham et al. (2018) found that adding 7.05g of small peptides per kg of diet will increase MCP production by 40% per kg of diet.
Behnaz et al. (2017) also found that the addition of small peptides in the diet can promote the conversion of dietary nitrogen to MCP, especially when the proportion of dietary roughage is high.
Behnaz et al. (2017)
Peptides promote the proliferation of rumen microorganisms, improve the efficiency of dietary nitrogen utilization, and increase the production of rumen MCP!
Peptides increase VFA production
VFA (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, etc.) is the main energy source of dairy cows. Dairy cows use acetic acid and propionic acid as raw materials to synthesize about 50% milk fat and 51% lactose, respectively. Song Rongrong et al. (2014) found that tripeptides composed of different amino acids can increase the yield of VFA fermented in vitro, with val-case-valin increasing the most.
Li Li (2000) used peptides and ammonium chloride as nitrogen sources, and glucose, starch, cellulose, corn stover, wheat straw and straw as carbon sources, and found that peptides can promote rumen microorganisms to ferment roughage and produce more VFA.
Lili (2000)
Peptides promote rumen microbial proliferation, promote dietary fiber degradation, and increase rumen VFA production!
A lot of research studies shows
Peptides promote rumen microbial proliferation, increase dietary fiber and starch degradation, and increase rumen VFA production.
Peptides promote rumen microbial proliferation, increase nitrogen utilization efficiency, and increase rumen MCP production.
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